The ceramics industry in Morbi, Gujarat, has been significantly affected by the ongoing conflict in the Middle East, leading to widespread unemployment and forced migration. The United States and Israel’s military actions against Iran have disrupted global fuel supplies, pushing many factories in Morbi to the brink of closure. The main reliance of this industry on propane and natural gas has left it vulnerable, resulting in most manufacturing units shutting down.

Over 450 out of approximately 600 companies in Morbi have ceased operations, directly impacting approximately 200,000 workers. This industry is crucial to the local economy, producing almost 80 per cent of India’s ceramics, which include tiles, sanitary ware, and other essential items.

Worker Experiences and Migration Trends

Pradeep Kumar, a former factory worker in Morbi, was one of many who lost his job on March 15. He recalled his experiences in the factory, highlighting the physical demands and lack of safety gear faced by the workers. Following the loss of his job, he returned to his hometown in Uttar Pradesh with his family, echoing a sentiment common among many migrant workers fleeing the industrial shutdown.

Many families, reminiscent of the hardships during the COVID-19 lockdown, have chosen to relocate back to their home states, unsure of their futures in Morbi. This migration trend reflects an urgent need for stability and security in precarious times. Families are prioritising community and economic safety rather than remaining in uncertain employment situations.

While some workers have returned to their homes, others, like Sushma Devi from West Bengal, remain in Morbi. Her family stays due to the company’s promise of continued shelter and food until operations resume. This diversity in responses underscores the varied strategies families are adopting in light of these crises.

Health Issues and Labour Rights Concerns

Health complications are also emerging as a serious concern among workers in the ceramics industry. Reports indicate cases of silicosis, an incurable lung disease caused by inhaling silica dust, are alarmingly high in Morbi. Labour rights activist Chirag Chavda stressed that many workers, often without proper safety measures, are exposed to hazardous conditions that endanger their health.

The lack of safety compliance among factories has worsened the situation. Workers often do not receive employment documentation, leaving them vulnerable and without recourse when health issues arise. This negligence perpetuates a cycle of exploitation, denying them social security and basic labour rights.

In conversations with affected individuals, it becomes evident that older workers like Harish Zala have faced similar health issues without support from their employers. The prevalent disregard for worker safety in the ceramics industry poses significant risks, and urgent reforms are necessary to protect these vulnerable groups.

Economic and Export Implications

The economic ramifications of the conflict extend beyond job loss. The ceramics industry in Morbi is a substantial player in India’s export market, generating revenue worth approximately $1.5 billion. However, the ongoing war has delayed or halted exports, especially to Middle Eastern countries, exacerbating the financial strain on producers and workers alike.

Although natural gas is available, the transition from propane has been slow, as new connections are priced higher, making it economically unviable for many factories. Manufacturers face tough decisions about reopening and re-hiring workers, with the uncertainty of continued conflict looming over their operations.

Local leaders from the Morbi Ceramic Manufacturers Association have expressed hope that the situation will improve, yet most operations remain stalled. The industry is trapped in a challenging scenario, awaiting clarity on global fuel supplies and geopolitical developments before any signs of recovery can emerge.

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