The Indus Waters Treaty (IWT), established in 1960 to manage water-sharing between India and Pakistan, has come under renewed scrutiny due to recent political tensions. Allegations have emerged suggesting a coordinated narrative from Pakistani media and western think tanks portraying Pakistan as a victim in the ongoing water dispute. This development occurs against the backdrop of India’s decision to suspend its adherence to the treaty following a terrorist attack attributed to Pakistan.

On April 22, 2025, a deadly assault in Pahalgam resulted in 26 civilian deaths, with victims reportedly targeted based on their religion. This attack occurred after statements from the Pakistani military hinted at increased militant activity. In response to such incidents, Indian leadership has firmly stated that issues of national security must take precedence over humanitarian considerations related to water distribution.

Pakistan’s President, Asif Ali Zardari, convened a high-level meeting shortly after the incident, expressing alarm over India’s suspension of the treaty. He framed this suspension as a form of “weaponisation of water” and laid out plans for diplomatic and legal measures to assert Pakistan’s rights under the treaty. His statements coincided with a series of articles in various international platforms advocating for Pakistan’s narrative regarding water rights.

Analysis of International Portrayal

The recent articles from global think tanks, including London’s Chatham House, have faced criticism for allegedly downplaying Pakistan’s record on terrorism while emphasising India’s role. The Chatham House article described the Pahalgam attack as a general “militant attack” and failed to mention the broader context of Pakistan’s involvement in terrorism. This selective reporting has raised questions about the objectivity of these assessments, particularly given Pakistan’s long history of cross-border violence.

Critics, including former Indian Foreign Secretary Kanwal Sibal, have highlighted that such narratives are strategically timed. They suggest that the alignment of these reports with remarks from Pakistani officials creates a misleading perception regarding the treaty’s suspension. This coordinated approach raises concerns about attempts to internationalise the issue while undermining India’s security concerns.

India’s Permanent Representative to the United Nations, P Harish, noted that while the country has historically upheld the treaty, continued cross-border terrorism undermines the pact’s integrity. He reminded international audiences that the water-sharing agreement should not benefit a nation that engages in hostile acts against India. India’s insistence on modernising the treaty reflects ongoing concerns regarding environmental and technological changes affecting water management.

Media and Public Response in Pakistan

Several local publications, including Pakistan Today and Dawn, mirrored the sentiments expressed by government officials, emphasising the potential consequences of water shortages for agriculture and livelihoods. This alignment exacerbates the portrayal of Pakistan as a victim in the ongoing dispute, while India is depicted as an aggressor withholding essential resources.

As this situation evolves, it remains to be seen how both nations will navigate their responsibilities under the IWT amid escalating tensions. The historical context surrounding the treaty and its implications for bilateral relations will be critical in any discussions moving forward.

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