India and South Korea have significantly expanded their bilateral engagement, unveiling a wide-ranging strategic roadmap spanning defence, trade, technology, energy and sustainability during South Korean President Lee Jae Myung’s visit to India. The outcomes of his talks with PM Modi underscore a deepening partnership anchored in shared geopolitical priorities and economic ambitions.

The two sides announced 15 key outcomes, including a Joint Strategic Vision for their Special Strategic Partnership and a comprehensive framework for cooperation in shipbuilding, shipping and maritime logistics. Agreements were also reached on sustainability, energy resource security and institutional dialogue mechanisms, reflecting an increasingly multidimensional relationship.

Strategic And Defence Ties Gain Momentum

A major focus of the discussions was strengthening defence and security cooperation, with both nations exploring joint development and technology transfer of advanced defence systems. India is already procuring key platforms such as K9 Vajra artillery systems and air defence equipment from South Korea, with plans for further phases involving deeper technology collaboration.

The two countries also agreed to expand dialogue mechanisms, including a proposed 2+2 framework involving foreign and defence officials. This comes amid shared concerns over global geopolitical tensions, including conflicts in Ukraine and West Asia, and the need to strengthen multilateral institutions.

Both sides strongly condemned terrorism in all forms and committed to enhancing cooperation to dismantle terror networks, including tackling financing channels and cross-border threats. The engagement also emphasised cooperation in cybersecurity, telecom and emerging security domains.

Trade Imbalance And CEPA Upgrade In Focus

Economic cooperation emerged as a central pillar, with both countries agreeing to expedite negotiations to upgrade the Comprehensive Economic Partnership Agreement (CEPA), in force since 2010. The move aims to address trade imbalances and unlock new opportunities in digital trade, supply chains and the green economy.

Bilateral trade currently stands at around USD 27 billion, but remains skewed in South Korea’s favour. India is seeking to boost exports, reduce non-tariff barriers and expand its services footprint, particularly in sectors where it holds competitive advantages.

Financial collaboration is also set to deepen, with Korean institutions playing an increasing role in India’s infrastructure and manufacturing sectors. Discussions included expanding cooperation in banking, capital markets and fintech, alongside encouraging greater investment flows and institutional presence.

Maritime, Energy And Technology Collaboration Expand

A key highlight of the visit was the ambitious maritime partnership, with India outlining plans to procure over 400 vessels worth approximately Rs 2.2 lakh crore. South Korean firms are expected to play a critical role in shipyard development, port infrastructure and advanced manufacturing.

The two nations also committed to strengthening energy security through resilient supply chains, increased trade in petroleum products and collaboration in LNG markets. Both sides emphasised the importance of shipbuilding ecosystems in ensuring reliable energy transportation.

In the sustainability domain, India and South Korea reaffirmed their commitment to the Paris Agreement and agreed to collaborate on climate action, renewable energy and carbon markets. South Korea joined the International Solar Alliance, while India will become a member of the Global Green Growth Institute, signalling reciprocal support in multilateral climate efforts.

Technology and innovation featured prominently, with agreements to enhance cooperation in artificial intelligence, semiconductors, digital infrastructure and space research. The launch of an Economic Security Dialogue further aims to strengthen supply chains and critical technology partnerships.

The visit also marked a cultural milestone, with both countries announcing 2028–29 as the Year of India–Republic of Korea Friendship, reflecting growing people-to-people ties alongside strategic convergence.

Overall, the expanded partnership signals a shift towards a more comprehensive and future-oriented alliance, positioning India and South Korea as key collaborators in shaping economic resilience and strategic stability in the Indo-Pacific region.

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