The introduction of petrol blended with 20 per cent ethanol, known as E20, may lead to a reduction in fuel efficiency by two to six per cent, as reported by Union Road Transport and Highways Minister Nitin Gadkari. This claim was made in written responses to both the Lok Sabha and Rajya Sabha. The extent of the decrease in mileage reportedly varies based on the vehicle type and its age.

Gadkari highlighted that comprehensive testing conducted by government agencies and automobile manufacturers did not reveal any engine failures linked to E20 fuel. However, he noted that older BS-III vehicles manufactured prior to 2016 might necessitate the replacement of specific rubber components and gaskets during regular maintenance.

The minister elaborated on the collaborative study that assessed the effects of E20 on BS-III, BS-IV, and BS-VI E10 (gasoline) vehicles, which was undertaken by various organisations, including the Automotive Research Association of India (ARAI) and the Society of Indian Automobile Manufacturers (SIAM).

Safety Assessments for Older Vehicles

In the Rajya Sabha, Gadkari responded to concerns regarding older vehicles, stating that studies indicated there was no need for modifications to engines when using E20 in cars and two-wheelers. According to the research, legacy vehicles showcased minimal discrepancies in performance or signs of excessive wear when operating on this ethanol blend.

Furthermore, the studies revealed no issues concerning drivability, startability, or compatibility with metal and plastic components. However, it was noted that certain rubber parts and gaskets in BS-III vehicles manufactured before 2016 might require replacement due to the use of E20.

Gadkari reassured that these replacements can be seamlessly handled during routine maintenance, implying that the transition to E20 is manageable for vehicle owners. The government maintains that the implementation process for E20 has been both phased and scientifically validated.

Regulatory Framework and Industry Response

The rollout of E20 petrol has faced scrutiny from various opposition parties and consumer advocacy groups, with criticisms focusing on vehicle compatibility and concerns over diminished fuel efficiency. Questions regarding potential increased maintenance costs and liabilities associated with engine issues have also surfaced.

In response to these issues, the government emphasised that the transition to ethanol-blended fuels has undergone a careful and consultative methodology involving multiple stakeholders, including NITI Aayog, automobile manufacturers, and oil marketing companies.

An Inter-Ministerial Committee (IMC), established under NITI Aayog in December 2020, conducted a thorough review of vehicle compatibility and mileage-related aspects linked to ethanol blending. This committee’s roadmap, prepared after rigorous consultations, provided a comprehensive analysis of various performance parameters prior to the launch of E20 fuel.

Gadkari noted that the Ethanol Blended Petrol (EBP) Programme commenced in 2001 and progressed through various stages over the years, with increasing ethanol blending after the appropriate infrastructure and regulatory framework were established. He indicated that more than 20 crore two-wheelers and over 3 crore petrol vehicles have utilised ethanol-blended fuels without documented instances of widespread engine failures.

According to the minister, manufacturer service data corroborates that there are no abnormal issues such as corrosion or wear linked to E20 use, further assuring that manufacturers continue to respect warranty obligations for vehicles operating on this fuel blend.

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