The Canadian Security Intelligence Service (CSIS) has officially identified Khalistani extremists as a national security threat. This categorisation highlights an active yet small group that allegedly uses Canada as a base for fundraising and supporting violent activities abroad. The findings were published in CSIS’s 2025 public report, which articulates concerns regarding funding and the influence of extremist networks linked primarily to India.

The report underscores that Canadian-based Khalistani extremists (CBKEs) are deeply integrated into Canadian society. It states that these individuals exploit established systems to further their agenda and that some are connected with Canadian citizens who use local institutions to promote violence. According to the report, unsuspecting community members are further exploited for fundraising purposes, with funds allegedly diverted to violent activities.

Political Activity vs. Violent Extremism

In its findings, CSIS clarified that while advocacy for a separate Khalistan is permitted in Canada, there is a clear distinction between peaceful activism and violent extremism. The agency pointed out that only a limited group of individuals who utilise Canada as a platform to organise and finance actions primarily targeting India are labelled as extremists. This delineation aims to respect lawful political expression while addressing genuine security threats.

The report also revisited the historical context of extremist actions, including the 1985 bombing of Air India Flight 182. The incident, which marked its 40th anniversary in 2025, resulted in 329 fatalities, primarily Canadian citizens, and remains the deadliest terrorist incident in Canadian history. It was stated that members of CBKE groups were allegedly involved in the bombing.

Foreign Interference Allegations Against India

The report additionally names India as one of several nations implicated in foreign interference efforts, alongside China, Russia, Iran, and Pakistan. The report identifies these countries as significant threats to Canadian sovereignty through espionage and clandestine activities. Allegations include that India has historically fostered secret relationships within Canada, among politicians, media figures, and members of the Indo-Canadian community, to forward its own interests.

These revelations emerge amid strained relations between Canada and India, particularly following allegations made by former Prime Minister Justin Trudeau regarding a potential Indian connection to the assassination of separatist leader Hardeep Singh Nijjar. New Delhi has firmly denied these claims, and since then, both nations have embarked on efforts to normalise diplomatic engagements.

As of now, Canada and India have recommenced high-level diplomatic exchanges and are engaging in discussions for a Comprehensive Economic Partnership Agreement. Furthermore, cooperation in law enforcement and trade has expanded. Notably, India’s Minister for Commerce and Industry, Piyush Goyal, is scheduled to lead a significant business delegation to Canada next month, highlighting the mutual economic interests at stake.

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