The United Nations Committee on the Elimination of Racial Discrimination (CERD) has urged India to improve protections for tribal peoples and marginalized castes. This call was made following reports of extrajudicial killings, torture, and violence committed by law enforcement. The committee expressed serious concerns about the treatment of not only Scheduled Castes, especially Dalits, but also various ethnic and religious minorities in the country.

In a statement released on August 25, 2026, the committee indicated that these violations included racially motivated acts of violence, excessive use of force, arbitrary detention, torture, and sexual violence. The body emphasised the urgent need for the Indian government to investigate these allegations thoroughly and ensure that those responsible are brought to justice.

Focus on Hate Crimes and Discrimination

The committee specifically pointed out the rise in law enforcement activities targeting Bengali-speaking Muslims, Rohingya refugees, and other minority groups residing in India. These operations reportedly involved racial profiling, which led to arbitrary arrests and detentions without due process. Such actions have raised alarms about the rights of migrants and asylum-seekers, raising concerns about their treatment within the justice system.

Additionally, the UN committee cited issues regarding deportations and forced returns of individuals who are in need of international protection. It has called upon India to take immediate measures against discrimination, hate speech, and hate crimes towards these vulnerable populations. The committee urged the government to uphold the rights of all ethnic and religious groups and to avoid collective expulsions.

Despite the non-binding nature of the committee’s recommendations, they carry significant reputational weight and reflect the international community’s expectations regarding human rights. Indian authorities are being urged to pay close attention to these findings and their implications for social justice and human rights within the country.

India’s Response and Ongoing Review

India was reviewed by CERD for the first time since 2007, with the delegation led by Solicitor General Tushar Mehta. The Indian mission stated that during the review, it highlighted the country’s pluralism, diversity, and the complexity of its societal framework. Officials discussed the constitutional and legal safeguards implemented in the nation, asserting that these are vital to ensuring equality, dignity, and opportunities for all citizens.

Amidst the concerns raised, Indian representatives reiterated their commitment to addressing the needs and rights of all people within their borders. It remains to be seen how the government will respond to the committee’s recommendations and whether concrete actions will follow to address the highlighted issues.

The ongoing dialogue between India and the UN underscores the global scrutiny of human rights practices within the nation. As the country grapples with its diverse population’s rights, the international community continues to monitor developments closely, aiming for improvements in the treatment of various ethnic and caste groups.

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