The Supreme Court has granted permission for the use of green firecrackers in the Delhi-NCR region on November 7 and 8, coinciding with Diwali celebrations. This decision allows individuals to burst these firecrackers during specified morning and evening hours. A bench comprising Justices MM Sundresh and Prasanna B Varale established that the designated times for bursting firecrackers are between 6 am and 7 am, and again from 8 pm to 10 pm on both days.

Additionally, the court has mandated that firecrackers should not be ignited within a 300-metre radius of various sensitive locations, including hospitals, nursing homes, primary and district health centres, old-age homes, and designated silence zones. Educational institutions will also be classified as ‘No-Cracker Zones’, with appropriate signage and public announcements to ensure widespread awareness of these restrictions.

Concerns Over Enforcement and Compliance

During the proceedings, the Supreme Court highlighted the necessity for effective enforcement of its directives regarding firecracker use. The bench expressed concern that without proper implementation, its orders would be rendered ineffective. “It concerns every living being,” the bench stated, emphasising the importance of translating orders into action to avoid making a mockery of the judicial process.

The court conveyed to Additional Solicitor General Aishwarya Bhati, representing the Centre, the need for authorities to take the matter seriously and ensure adherence to the regulations. The bench acknowledged public sentiments but warned against pushing for a more stringent stance if compliance was not observed. It suggested that collaboration from all stakeholders, including public figures, could enhance awareness of the environmental and health impacts associated with firecracker use.

The bench reiterated that cooperation from all parties is essential for balancing the celebration of Diwali with the need to protect public health and the environment. It called for relevant officials to be present on the ground to monitor compliance effectively.

Delhi Government’s Pollution Control Measures

During the hearing, ASG Bhati informed the court about the Delhi government’s initiatives to combat air pollution during the winter months. She outlined an extensive action plan that includes measures such as restrictions on older vehicles, limitations on construction and demolition activities, and staggered office timings in the national capital, all set to commence in November.

Bhati stated, “We are geared up to deal with the pollution season which unfortunately happens,” indicating the government’s proactive approach to managing air quality. The Centre also mentioned that internal discussions are ongoing regarding the use of barium in firecrackers, with Bhati requesting three weeks to complete these consultations. The court has agreed to revisit the matter subsequently.

Concerns have also been raised regarding the sale of firecrackers marketed as green. An advocate serving as amicus curiae pointed out the challenges in verifying the authenticity of these claims, noting that traditional firecrackers release harmful particulate matter that can adversely affect health. She highlighted a rise in the Air Quality Index (AQI) in Delhi-NCR during the recent Dussehra celebrations, questioning the effectiveness of current regulations.

Senior advocate Gopal Sankaranarayanan, representing petitioners advocating for restrictions on firecrackers, argued that previous Supreme Court directives have been frequently violated. He urged the court to consider prohibiting the manufacture of firecrackers altogether. The Supreme Court is currently addressing two petitions, including a suo motu case concerning air pollution in Delhi-NCR, which encompasses issues related to firecrackers, stubble burning, and solid waste management.

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