Savitribai Phule is widely acknowledged as the first female teacher in India. In the nineteen century, when girls were often denied educational opportunities, her choice to educate young girls marked a significant shift in societal norms. Her efforts challenged long-held beliefs that women did not require formal education, paving the way for countless girls across India to access schooling.

Education After Marriage

Married at the age of nine to Jyotirao Phule, Savitribai’s early life mirrored the common practices of her time. Recognizing the crucial role of education, Jyotirao taught her reading and writing at home. This initial guidance propelled Savitribai toward formal teacher training at various institutions in Ahmednagar and Pune, an uncommon opportunity for women of her era.

Establishment of the First School for Girls in 1848

In 1848, Savitribai and her husband launched one of India’s earliest modern schools for girls at Bhide Wada in Pune. This institution was groundbreaking, welcoming girls from diverse communities, including those from marginalized backgrounds. By challenging the prevailing notion that education was an exclusive privilege reserved for upper-caste males, they opened new educational avenues for many young girls.

Expansion of Educational Initiatives

The success of their inaugural school inspired the Phule couple to further their mission. By 1851, they had established multiple schools aimed at girls and children from marginalized communities across Pune. Their curriculum embraced subjects such as mathematics, science, and social studies, offering students a comprehensive education rare for the time.

Facing Social Opposition

Despite her groundbreaking work, Savitribai Phule encountered intense opposition from conservative elements of society. During her walks to school, she was often targeted with stones, mud, and cow dung as a form of protest. Nevertheless, she persevered in her teaching vocation and would carry an extra sari to change into upon arriving at school, demonstrating her resilience in the face of adversity.

Advocacy for Marginalized Communities

The Phules were staunch advocates for education as a tool to combat caste discrimination. Their schools enrolled children from communities historically denied access to education, such as the Mahar and Mang castes. By championing inclusive education, Savitribai aimed to dismantle social barriers rooted in caste hierarchies.

Support for Widows and Vulnerable Women

In 1863, Savitribai and Jyotirao established the Balhatya Pratibandhak Griha, a shelter intended to assist widows and combat female infanticide. At a time when widows faced profound social ostracism, this center provided vital refuge and support for vulnerable women and their children, helping to alleviate their hardships.

Accomplished Poet and Social Commentator

Apart from her educational reforms, Savitribai Phule was also a gifted writer. Her poetry collections, including “Kavya Phule” (1854) and “Bavan Kashi Subodh Ratnakar” (1892), delved into issues such as caste oppression, gender inequality, and the significance of education. Through her literary work, she inspired individuals to challenge social injustices and seek knowledge.

Leader in the Satyashodhak Movement

Savitribai Phule was a key figure in the Satyashodhak Samaj, which was founded by Jyotirao to advocate for social equality and fight against caste discrimination. Following her husband’s death in 1890, she continued to actively support the organization’s initiatives, remaining committed to the cause of social reform.

Dedication During the Plague Outbreak

During the 1897 plague outbreak in Pune, Savitribai Phule devoted herself to aiding affected families. She played a vital role in operating a clinic for sick individuals and even carried an ill child to the hospital. Tragically, she contracted the disease and passed away on March 10, 1897, exemplifying her lifelong dedication to serving others.

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