The introduction of Gabi, the first humanoid robot monk in South Korea, marks a unique intersection of technology and spirituality. This humanoid robot was unveiled during a Buddhist ceremony at Jogye Temple in Seoul on May 6, 2026, as preparations for the upcoming Buddha’s Birthday celebrations were underway. Gabi, dressed in traditional grey-and-brown monk robes, participated actively in the rituals, including chanting alongside human monks and responding to questions posed during the event.

The Jogye Order, South Korea’s largest Buddhist sect, initiated this project to modernise the practices of Buddhism and engage with younger generations who are increasingly immersed in the digital world. The introduction of a robot into this traditionally human-dominated space represents a novel way to explore spirituality through technology.

Functions and Responsibilities of Gabi

Constructed on the Unitree G1 humanoid platform from China, Gabi boasts a body structure similar to that of humans, enabling it to walk, gesture, and engage in ceremonial activities. During the ceremony, the robot took important vows pertinent to Buddhist teachings and affirmed its devotion by replying, “Yes, I will devote myself,” to a monk’s question. This response marks Gabi’s commitment to following the tenets of Buddhism, which further emphasises the significance of its role in the temple.

Gabi also performed ceremonial tasks such as circling a pagoda, holding its hands together in prayer, and receiving a rosary with 108 beads. While it participated actively, the traditional incense-burning ritual was omitted for the robot. The name “Gabi” carries significant meaning, referencing Siddhartha, the birth name of Gautam Buddha, combined with the Korean word “jabi”, indicative of mercy or compassion.

The robot has been assigned a modified set of Buddhist precepts that include principles such as respecting life, not harming any beings, obeying humans, avoiding deceitful speech, and more. These guidelines, reportedly crafted with input from AI chatbots such as Gemini and ChatGPT, are aimed at ensuring Gabi acts in accordance with Buddhist values. This adaptation highlights the thoughtful consideration given to the role that AI can play in spiritual contexts.

Addressing Challenges in the Buddhist Community

The debut of Gabi arrives during a period when South Korean Buddhist institutions are striving to remain culturally significant. With traditional clergy numbers dwindling, religious leaders view technological advancements as a means to attract a younger audience and fill gaps left by decreasing monk populations. Gabi is expected to participate in future events, such as Buddha’s Birthday lantern parades, alongside other innovative Buddhist-themed robots.

This initiative reflects a broader trend of integrating robotics and AI into spiritual practices. Notably, researchers at Kyoto University recently unveiled an AI-powered robot named “Buddharoid”. This robot is designed to engage with visitors, learn Buddhist scriptures, and provide spiritual responses. Unlike traditional sermon formats, Buddharoid is created to foster interactive conversations, showcasing the versatility of AI in maintaining the relevance of Buddhist teachings, particularly in the context of Japan’s aging clergy.

As both Gabi and Buddharoid become integral to their respective religious environments, they offer intriguing insights into how technology can adapt and enhance spiritual experiences. The incorporation of such robots into religious traditions illustrates an innovative approach to addressing contemporary challenges while preserving ancient teachings.

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