Prime Minister Narendra Modi emphasised the role of Nepal as a “priority partner” during a meeting with Rabi Lamichhane, chairman of the ruling Rashtriya Swatantra Party (RSP) of Nepal. This encounter took place on Wednesday, amid ongoing strains in diplomatic relations between the two neighbouring countries.

The discussions came at a critical juncture, with notable tensions stemming from the long-standing territorial dispute over Kalapani, Lipulekh, and Limpiyadhura. Recent statements from Nepalese Prime Minister Balen Shah regarding alleged border encroachments have added to the strain, particularly in the context of India’s use of the Lipulekh route for the Kailash Mansarovar Yatra, which Nepal claims falls under its jurisdiction. India, however, firmly rejected this assertion, maintaining that Nepal’s historical position lacks substantial evidence.

In light of these issues, Lamichhane’s visit is being interpreted as an important effort to re-establish political dialogue and strengthen relations under the new leadership in Nepal. PM Modi expressed his commitment to enhancing collaboration under India’s Neighbourhood First policy, aiming to elevate the multifaceted relationship between the two nations.

Rabi Lamichhane’s Visit to India

Describing his meeting with Modi as a constructive hour-long dialogue, Lamichhane expressed his agreement with the Prime Minister’s aspirations for a strengthened bilateral relationship focused on development and connectivity. He stated, “I share your vision for a future where Nepal and India transcend past constraints to embrace a new era of development diplomacy.” His remarks highlight a desire to foster a relationship grounded in shared cultural ties, technological collaboration, and enhanced connectivity.

Laminchhane’s visit to India followed an invitation from BJP president Nitin Nabin, marking a significant step in the first formal interaction between the BJP and the RSP since the latter’s ascension to power in March, which came after a movement that ousted the pro-China leadership of KP Sharma Oli. The BJP received Lamichhane warmly at its headquarters, underscoring the potential for renewed political engagement between the two parties.

The official purpose of Lamichhane’s visit is aligned with the BJP’s ‘Know BJP’ initiative, aimed at fostering relations between political entities. Nonetheless, the timing of this engagement is noteworthy, especially given the limited communication between the governments of New Delhi and Kathmandu since Balen Shah assumed office. The BJP sees this as an opportunity to establish consistent political channels with Nepal’s ruling party.

Broader Context of Nepal-India Relations

Despite occasional tensions, Nepal’s relationship with India remains vital, characterised by extensive interconnections in trade, infrastructure, energy cooperation, and the movement of people. The two nations share an approximately 1,800-kilometre open border, and maintaining stable relations is crucial for both sides.

The recent strain in relations primarily revolves around the contested territories of Kalapani, Lipulekh Pass, and Limpiyadhura. While Balen Shah has previously held a strong nationalist stance regarding these issues, he recently acknowledged in Parliament that land encroachments involve both countries, suggesting a more conciliatory approach. His change in tone has led to significant discourse within Nepal, with some calling for his resignation.

In light of these developments, Lamichhane’s meeting with PM Modi is perceived as a mutual gesture indicating a willingness to preserve the broader strategic partnership. It also underscores the importance of maintaining open lines of dialogue despite existing political differences and unresolved territorial disputes.

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