In a pivotal development in its national security framework, the Government of India introduced its inaugural comprehensive National Counter Terrorism Policy and Strategy, termed ‘PRAHAAR’, on Monday. The policy underscores a zero tolerance stance towards terrorism and establishes a holistic approach involving all sectors of society. The document affirms India’s historical role as a frontline state in combating terrorism, explicitly stating that such acts will not be associated with any religion, caste, or nationality. This policy formalizes a structured approach to preventing, responding to, and recovering from terrorist threats, while also enhancing legal frameworks and fostering international cooperation.

Core Principles of the PRAHAAR Framework

At the core of this new framework is the PRAHAAR principle, which serves as the bedrock of India’s counter-terror strategy. The policy reiterates the commitment to a zero tolerance approach towards all forms of terrorism. It delineates a comprehensive response structure that incorporates intelligence-gathering, law enforcement, legal processes, and community engagement to effectively address the threat.

Dynamic Nature of Terrorism Threats

The document highlights the challenge posed by cross-border terrorism and the persistent presence of global terrorist organizations such as Al Qaeda and ISIS. It notes the increasing exploitation of emerging technologies for malicious purposes. The outlined threat landscape includes the usage of drones, encrypted communication channels, the dark web, and cryptocurrency. Additionally, the policy warns against potential cyber-attacks and CBRNED threats, encompassing chemical, biological, radiological, nuclear, explosive, and digital threats. It emphasizes the emerging connections between terrorist groups and organized crime syndicates.

Strategies for Prevention and Response

The prevention framework proposes an intelligence-led strategy, bolstered by real-time information sharing via the Multi Agency Centre. It places significant emphasis on countering mechanisms for terror financing networks and other supportive activities. The local police are designated as the initial responders to terror-related incidents, with the National Security Guard available for deployment in significant cases. Investigations will be led by the National Investigation Agency, under the coordination of the Ministry of Home Affairs following established protocols. The high conviction rate achieved by the NIA is referenced as a crucial deterrent within this strategy.

Enhanced Capabilities and Legal Protections

The policy advocates for the modernization of security agencies through the acquisition of advanced technology and weaponry. Specialized training is anticipated to be provided by the Bureau of Police Research and Development and the National Security Guard to improve operational capability. Efforts will be made to unify anti-terror structures across states, enhancing state Anti-Terrorism Squads’ effectiveness. On the legal front, the framework reaffirms the commitment to uphold human rights and the rule of law, maintaining the Unlawful Activities Prevention Act of 1967 as the primary legislative tool, while ensuring access to multi-layered legal recourse up to the Supreme Court.

Focus on De-Radicalization and Global Collaboration

Recognizing the limitations of security measures alone, the policy emphasizes the necessity of addressing the root causes of terrorism. It suggests implementing de-radicalization initiatives that engage community and religious leaders, alongside fostering educational and employment opportunities for youth. Additionally, it highlights measures to mitigate radicalization risks within prisons. International cooperation is another vital aspect, focusing on Mutual Legal Assistance Treaties, extradition agreements, and collaborations at the United Nations to list terrorists while actively engaging in bilateral and multilateral dialogues.

Community Recovery and Resilience Building

Emphasizing a comprehensive societal approach, the framework encourages public-private partnerships aimed at rehabilitation and reconstruction in communities impacted by terrorism. Responsibility for rebuilding trust and cohesion in affected areas will lie with civil administration and police forces. The policy calls for improved coordination between agencies, the necessity for legal reforms responding to evolving threats, stronger technological investments, and deeper engagement with the private sector to enhance resilience.

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