The Indian government is reportedly enhancing its security presence in the South China Sea through the expansion of its BrahMos supersonic cruise missile system. Analysts suggest that this initiative, often referred to as the “BrahMos belt,” aims to bolster regional deterrence rather than directly target China. Lt General PR Shankar (retd), who discussed this strategy in an interview with Taiwan Talks, indicated that several ASEAN nations are already on board, with Thailand currently assessing the missile’s potential.

Over the past year, countries such as Vietnam and Indonesia have formalised agreements with India to obtain BrahMos missiles. Malaysia and Thailand are also contemplating similar acquisitions. The Philippines has previously made headlines as the first nation to procure the missile for coastal defence in a substantial deal valued at $375 million, with these nations encircling contested maritime areas where they are increasingly challenged by Beijing.

Lt General Shankar noted that this strategic initiative is unlikely to deteriorate India-China relations but would serve to highlight a stronger Indian military capability. He stated that regional countries must acknowledge that China is now facing a more formidable India through this expanding network of missile partnerships.

The BrahMos Belt Explained

The term “BrahMos belt” has emerged to describe India’s growing collaborations with nations facing territorial disputes in the South China Sea. Although it does not signify a formal military alliance, it reflects India’s increasing influence within a region fraught with geopolitical tensions. The South China Sea is an essential maritime route, with roughly 21 per cent of global trade passing through it, but China claims around 90 per cent under its contested “nine-dash line.” This has led to ongoing territorial conflicts with ASEAN nations like Vietnam, the Philippines, and Malaysia.

Smaller Southeast Asian countries have often struggled to challenge China’s assertions in these waters. However, the acquisition of BrahMos anti-ship missiles is changing that dynamic. The agreement with Vietnam is part of a contract worth Rs 5,900 crore, while Indonesia has committed to purchasing two BrahMos batteries for Rs 1,900 crore. Should nations like Thailand proceed with their acquisitions, it could establish a strategic network of BrahMos missile systems around vital maritime zones.

This initiative has been interpreted as a clever tactic by India, allowing it to raise concerns in Beijing without deploying additional military forces to the region. The BrahMos missile system is notably versatile, with capabilities for launch from land, naval vessels, or aircraft, making it an effective deterrent against potential threats.

Significance for Regional Security

The BrahMos missile system stands out due to its significant range of up to 290 km, combined with its “fire-and-forget” technology, which ensures high accuracy and speeds that are difficult to intercept. Lt General Shankar explained that the missile has proven its effectiveness in previous military operations, posing a considerable threat to Chinese naval capabilities in the region. The rapid deployment of BrahMos enhances the military readiness of these nations while simultaneously putting pressure on China.

Chinese publications, such as the Global Times, have expressed concerns over the strategic implications of the BrahMos missile sales, particularly to the Philippines, highlighting how these acquisitions could undermine Beijing’s assertiveness in disputed maritime territories like the Spratly Islands.

China’s maritime strategy heavily relies on secure shipping routes, notably through vital channels such as the Malacca Strait. The deal between India and Indonesia for joint development of Sabang Port close to this crucial waterway further complicates the strategic landscape for Beijing. Any effective disruption of regional shipping could significantly impact China’s economic interests, particularly oil imports and broader trade routes.

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