German Chancellor Friedrich Merz warned that the global system built on shared rules and alliances has effectively collapsed, urging Europe to prepare for uncertainty in an era dominated by great-power politics.

Opening the Munich Security Conference, Merz told world leaders that “our freedom is not guaranteed” and that Europeans must be ready to make sacrifices to preserve security and democratic values. He described the present moment as a turning point for the international order established after World War II.

Europe Faces New Security Reality

Merz said the longstanding framework that underpinned peace and stability had weakened to the point that it “no longer exists in that form.” He argued that Europe can no longer rely on automatic protection or economic stability and must strengthen its own capabilities.

The conference comes amid mounting geopolitical tensions, including the Russia-Ukraine war, strained relations with China and ongoing uncertainty over Iran’s nuclear programme. European defence cooperation and strategic autonomy are key themes of the gathering, which has drawn around 50 world leaders.

French President Emmanuel Macron echoed the urgency, calling on Europe to accelerate efforts to become a true geopolitical power. He warned that the war in Ukraine represents an existential challenge and urged countries not to yield to Russian pressure.

Deepening Divide With The United States

Merz acknowledged growing strains between Europe and the United States, stating that a “deep divide” has opened across the Atlantic. Differences over trade, security commitments and political values have intensified tensions between the allies.

US President Donald Trump’s threats to annex Greenland, a territory of NATO ally Denmark, and his tariffs on European imports have heightened concerns in Europe about Washington’s long-term reliability. Trump reiterated his interest in Greenland, describing it as vital to US security.

US Secretary of State Marco Rubio, attending the conference, said the world is entering a “new era in geopolitics,” suggesting that alliances and roles may need reassessment.

Calls To Rebuild Trust And Strengthen Europe

Despite the tensions, Merz did not advocate breaking ties with Washington. Instead, he appealed for renewed cooperation, saying transatlantic trust must be repaired and revived.

He also revealed confidential discussions with France on developing a joint European nuclear deterrent, signalling growing interest in reducing dependence on the US nuclear umbrella. Currently, France and the United Kingdom are Europe’s only nuclear-armed states.

Leaders at the summit emphasised that neither Europe nor the United States can tackle global challenges alone. However, Merz’s warning underscored a stark reality: the guardrails that once defined international relations are weakening, and the shape of the next global order remains uncertain.

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