During pregnancy, women are typically vigilant about their health, adopting better dietary habits, increasing their rest periods, and maintaining consistent medical appointments. However, certain infections may be present without causing any noticeable symptoms, leading to potential risks for the unborn child. Medical professionals have raised concerns about these asymptomatic infections, underscoring the need for routine screening to ensure both maternal and fetal health.

Asymptomatic Infections and Their Effects

Dr. Alka Chaudhary, a Senior Consultant in Obstetrics and Gynaecology at Rainbow Hospital, emphasizes that many infections can go undetected in expectant mothers. These infections may not trigger any symptoms, which makes it crucial to conduct regular testing during pregnancy. Dr. Tripti Raheja, the Director of Obstetrics and Gynaecology at CK Birla Hospital in Delhi, echoes this concern by stating that a woman might feel completely well while harboring an infection that could harm the baby. Regular antenatal check-ups are therefore not just routine but vital for early identification and prevention of these potential threats.

Common Silent Infections

One of the frequently encountered asymptomatic infections is Cytomegalovirus (CMV). While this virus is commonly circulated among adults, it often remains unnoticed in pregnant women. If it is transmitted to the fetus, congenital CMV may result, which can lead to issues such as hearing loss, developmental delays, or vision problems. The absence of symptoms in the mother highlights the need for awareness and screening.

Another significant yet often overlooked infection is Toxoplasmosis. Typically contracted through undercooked meat or contaminated soil, this infection might not produce symptoms in expectant mothers. However, it poses serious risks to the developing fetus, including the potential for miscarriage or brain and eye disorders. Similarly, Rubella can also present as mild or asymptomatic in the mother, particularly in early pregnancy, yet it can cause severe congenital defects if contracted during the first trimester. Vaccination prior to pregnancy is recommended to mitigate these risks.

Infections Transmissible to the Baby

Some infections remain silent in expectant mothers but can still be transmitted to the baby during pregnancy or childbirth. Conditions such as Hepatitis B and HIV may start without any significant symptoms and risk long-term health issues for the newborn if left untreated. Syphilis can similarly go unnoticed in its initial stages, posing risks like stillbirth or prematurity if not adequately managed. Group B Streptococcus (GBS) is often present in the birth canal without symptoms and can lead to serious infections such as sepsis or pneumonia in the newborn during delivery.

The Necessity of Regular Testing

It is common for women to question the need for multiple blood tests during pregnancy, especially when they feel perfectly healthy. Experts clarify that relying solely on symptoms is not a reliable method for detecting silent infections. Dr. Raheja points out that basic blood tests can help uncover infections early on, allowing for timely intervention, which significantly lowers risks for the baby. Dr. Chaudhary reinforces the importance of preventive measures, including vaccinations, safe food handling, proper hygiene, and regular health screenings, to ensure a healthy pregnancy outcome.

The clear message from healthcare professionals is that a lack of symptoms does not guarantee a lack of health issues. Regular prenatal care is essential for safeguarding both the mother and the child throughout pregnancy.