The Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) has successfully conducted a ground static test of the upgraded third stage of its Polar Satellite Launch Vehicle (PSLV). This test represents a significant advancement in efforts to enhance the rocket following anomalies observed during two consecutive mission failures.

The static test of the PSLV’s third stage, referred to as PS3, took place on November 12, 2026, at the Static Test Facility located at the Satish Dhawan Space Centre in Sriharikota. This test follows the identification of issues in the third stage during the PSLV-C61/EOS-09 and PSLV-C62/EOS-N1 missions. In response to these incidents, Isro undertook a thorough review of the PS3 configuration.

This review included an examination of design margins, raw material acceptance criteria, assembly procedures, and quality checks to ensure the reliability of the rocket’s components. As a result of this comprehensive evaluation, Isro has implemented several modifications aimed at improving the performance and reliability of the PS3 stage. These changes are intended to address the anomalies that were detected in previous missions and to restore confidence in the PSLV’s operational capabilities.

Modifications Made to the PSLV’s Third Stage

One of the primary areas of focus for improvement has been the nozzle configuration of the PS3 solid motor stage. ISRO has reinforced this configuration to enhance design margins, thereby addressing the issues identified during the analysis of the earlier missions. Additionally, mechanical interfaces have been strengthened, and further redundancy has been introduced in the sealing systems to bolster reliability.

Furthermore, Isro has revised its raw material acceptance criteria and updated the assembly procedures employed during the manufacturing and integration of the PS3 stage. These changes are designed to ensure that all components meet stringent quality standards prior to their integration into the rocket.

In addition to these revisions, Isro has implemented updated Non-Destructive Testing (NDT) procedures at various stages of integration and transportation. These inspections are crucial for identifying potential defects without causing damage to the components, thereby adding an extra layer of quality assurance before the stage is cleared for flight.

Future Testing and Confidence Restoration

The successful completion of the static firing test marks an important milestone in Isro’s efforts to restore confidence in the PSLV, which has been a vital asset for India’s space programme. The PSLV has played a key role in launching Earth observation satellites, navigation spacecraft, and commercial payloads into orbit.

However, the anomalies observed during the C61 and C62 missions in 2025 and 2026 have necessitated a more detailed examination of the rocket’s third stage, as well as its manufacturing and quality-control processes. Isro has stated that the data collected from the recent test will undergo a thorough analysis and review. Based on the findings from this analysis, additional tests are planned to further validate the modifications made to the PS3 stage.

This latest development indicates a significant commitment to enhancing the reliability of the PSLV’s third stage before the vehicle resumes its regular launch operations. Overall, these efforts reflect Isro’s dedication to maintaining high standards in its space missions and ensuring that the PSLV continues to serve as a reliable launch vehicle for future endeavours.

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