Bangladesh and India are set to engage in discussions regarding the potential resumption of cross-border passenger train services, which have remained inactive since violent protests in 2024. Officials from Bangladesh revealed on Monday that a two-day meeting will commence on Tuesday in Dhaka, focusing on the services of the Maitree, Bandhan, and Mitali Express trains. This move comes amid hopes of revitalising connectivity between the two nations.

During these discussions, officials are also expected to propose a new rail route. A representative from Bangladesh Railway expressed optimism about the potential re-launch of these services, indicating that the meetings will cover a range of issues concerning the reinstatement of train operations.

Maitree, Bandhan, and Mitali Express Services

The Maitree Express service connects Dhaka with Kolkata, while the Bandhan Express links Khulna and Kolkata. The Mitali Express previously operated between Dhaka and New Jalpaiguri. Both Kolkata and New Jalpaiguri are situated in the Indian state of West Bengal. Speculation surrounds the introduction of a new route that would link Rajshahi, a city in north-west Bangladesh, to Kolkata, further enhancing connectivity.

Additionally, officials are likely to propose that the Maitree Express operate via the recently completed Padma Bridge, instead of the existing Jamuna Bridge route. It is anticipated that if an agreement is reached by both countries, services could potentially resume by next month.

Indian railway authorities have reportedly shown interest in reinstating the cross-border services, yet the decision will require approval from their respective ministries, including foreign and home affairs. Key representatives from these ministries are expected to participate in the forthcoming meetings, but the final decision will ultimately rest with the political leadership of both nations.

Background of the Suspension

The three train services were suspended following widespread civil unrest in Bangladesh during July 2024. The Maitree and Bandhan Express trains faced cancellation from July 19 to August 6, 2024, but the suspension was later prolonged indefinitely due to ongoing political turmoil. The last journey of the Mitali Express to Dhaka occurred on July 17, 2024, without a subsequent return.

In the aftermath of these events, political instability ensued, with the Awami League government led by Sheikh Hasina being ousted. Hasina took refuge in India on August 5, 2024, during weeks of protests that had turned deadly. Following this, an interim administration led by Muhammad Yunus assumed control in Bangladesh, though relations with India remained strained. Dhaka has since sought Hasina’s extradition.

The political landscape in Bangladesh shifted after the Bangladesh Nationalist Party won the general elections earlier this year, leading to the replacement of Yunus’s interim government. Despite this political change, numerous contentious issues continue to affect the diplomatic relationship between India and Bangladesh, raising questions about future cooperation.

Current Status of Freight and Passenger Services

Although freight train services between India and Bangladesh officially resumed in February 2025 after a nine-month suspension, passenger services have yet to be reinstated. The discussions regarding the re-establishment of train links indicate a renewed effort by both nations to enhance engagement, despite existing differences.

This proactive approach reflects a mutual interest in fostering bilateral ties, with the resumption of passenger train services seen as a step towards improving relations. While the previous political tensions had strained connections, the latest dialogues represent an opportunity to rebuild and strengthen these important links.

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