आर्टिफिशियल इंटेलिजेंस (AI) और आधुनिक तकनीक की वैश्विक रेस में चीन ने एक ऐसा क्रांतिकारी कदम उठाया है, जिसने पूरी दुनिया को हैरत में डाल दिया है। चीन के पूर्वी शहर हांग्झोउ और शंघाई में दुनिया के पहले ‘रोबोट स्कूल’ (Humanoid Robot Training Schools) खोले गए हैं, जहां छात्र कोई इंसान नहीं, बल्कि दो पैरों पर चलने वाले इंसानों जैसे दिखने वाले ह्यूमनॉइड रोबोट्स (Humanoid Robots) हैं। यह कदम केवल प्रयोगशालाओं तक सीमित रहने वाली तकनीक को सीधे कारखानों, अस्पतालों, और रोजमर्रा के काम के बाजार (वर्कफोर्स) में उतारने की दिशा में ‘AI के बाद का अगला बड़ा कदम’ (Embodied AI) माना जा रहा है।

टेक दिग्गजों के रोबॉट्स का स्कूल

इन खास प्रशिक्षण अकादमियों में शुरुआती बैच के तौर पर कई टेक कंपनियों के रोबोट्स का ‘दाखिला’ कराया गया है। यहाँ मानव प्रशिक्षक (Human Instructors) इन रोबोट्स को ठीक उसी तरह हुनर सिखा रहे हैं, जैसे किसी वोकेशनल या तकनीकी संस्थान में इंसानी छात्रों को करियर के लिए तैयार किया जाता है। कोर्सवर्क पूरा होने और कड़े इम्तिहान पास करने के बाद, इन रोबोट्स को बाकायदा ‘ग्रेजुएशन सर्टिफिकेट’ या ‘स्किल सर्टिफिकेट’ दिया जाएगा, जिसके बाद वे सीधे नौकरी करने के योग्य माने जाएंगे।

लैब से वर्कफोर्स तक: क्या है रोबोट स्कूल का पूरा कॉन्सेप्ट?

अब तक रोबोट्स को किसी खास प्रोग्रामिंग या चैटबॉट आधारित AI (जैसे चैटजीपीटी) के जरिए सिर्फ वर्चुअल दुनिया या तयशुदा इंडस्ट्रियल बेल्ट में कमांड्स फॉलो करना सिखाया जाता था। लेकिन चीन के इस नए प्रयोग का मकसद रोबोट्स के ‘फिजिकल इंटेलिजेंस’ या ‘एम्बॉइडेड एआई’ (Embodied AI) को निखारना है। हांग्झोउ रोबोट स्कूल और शंघाई स्थित ‘नेशनल एंड लोकल को-बिल्ट ह्यूमनॉइड रोबोटिक्स इनोवेशन सेंटर’ जैसी संस्थाएं विभिन्न रोबोटिक स्टार्टअप और टेक दिग्गजों के लिए एक साझा मंच की तरह काम कर रही हैं। यहाँ अलग-अलग आकार, क्षमता और मॉडल के रोबोट एक ही ‘क्लासरूम’ में बैठकर ट्रेनिंग लेते हैं।

स्कूल की कार्यप्रणाली- हार्डवेयर चेकअप और एडमिशन

स्कूल में दाखिले से पहले रोबोट्स का कड़ा हार्डवेयर टेस्ट होता है, जिससे उनकी शारीरिक क्षमता और सेंसर की स्थिति जांची जाती है। रोबोट्स को उनकी बनावट के आधार पर चार मुख्य संकायों (Specialties) में बांटा जाता है- औद्योगिक कौशल (Technical/Industrial Skills), हेल्थकेयर व नर्सिंग (Healthcare & Nursing), परफॉर्मिंग आर्ट्स (Arts) और स्पोर्ट्स (Sports)।

गहन व्यावहारिक प्रशिक्षण

रोबोट्स को तीन से छह महीने के बेहद कड़े ट्रेनिंग प्रोग्राम से गुजरना पड़ता है, जहां वे इंसानी हरकतों को दोहराते हैं। कोर्स खत्म होने पर रोबोट्स का अंतिम मूल्यांकन (Final Assessment) होता है। परीक्षा पास करने वाले रोबोट्स को आधिकारिक योग्यता प्रमाण पत्र मिलता है।

सिलेबस में शामिल खेतों से लेकर नर्सिंग तक की पढ़ाई

इन स्कूलों में पढ़ रहे रोबोट्स का टाइमटेबल और सिलेबस काफी दिलचस्प है। विज्ञान गल्प (Science Fiction) फिल्मों की तरह दिखने वाली इन कक्षाओं में रोबोट्स को वे तमाम काम सिखाए जा रहे हैं जो अब तक केवल इंसानों के बस की बात माने जाते थे।

इंडस्ट्रियल और लॉजिस्टिक्स स्किल्स: कारखानों में सामान को सही ढंग से पकड़ना (Grasping), पार्ट्स को असेंबल करना, गोदामों में लॉजिस्टिक्स संभालना, ट्रे उठाना और भारी उपकरणों को सुरक्षित ढंग से एक जगह से दूसरी जगह ले जाना।

घरेलू और सर्विस सेक्टर के काम: कपड़े मोड़ना, उन पर प्रेस (Ironing) करना, डाइनिंग टेबल साफ करना, कप और प्लेट्स को सही जगह पर सजाना, और झाड़ू-पोछा करना।

हेल्थकेयर और नर्सिंग केयर: बुजुर्गों और मरीजों की देखभाल करना, दवाओं का समय याद रखना, मरीजों को सहारा देकर उठाना, और मुश्किल समय में इंसानों से बातचीत कर उनका हौसला बढ़ाना।

कला और खेल (Arts & Sports): कुछ रोबोट्स को उनके लचीलेपन को बढ़ाने के लिए डांस करना, म्यूजिक की धुन पर थिरकना, पेंटिंग की बारीकियां समझना और बुनियादी खेलों में हिस्सा लेना भी सिखाया जा रहा है।

AI के बाद का कदम’: रोबोट्स को कैसे दी जा रही है शिक्षा?

विशेषज्ञों का कहना है कि चैटबॉट या सॉफ्टवेयर आधारित एआई तैयार करना आसान है, क्योंकि उसके लिए डिजिटल डेटा इंटरनेट पर प्रचुर मात्रा में उपलब्ध है। लेकिन एक रोबोट को इंसानों की तरह हाथ हिलाना या कपड़े मोड़ना सिखाना सबसे कठिन काम है, क्योंकि इसके लिए ‘फिजिकल डेटा’ (Physical Data) की जरूरत होती है। इंसानों के लिए जो काम बेहद सामान्य हैं (जैसे जूते के फीते बांधना या कांच का ग्लास उठाना), वे मशीनों के लिए सबसे जटिल सबक हैं। इस ‘लास्ट माइल चैलेंज’ (Last Mile Challenge) को हल करने के लिए चीन के रोबोट स्कूलों में एडवांस तकनीकों का इस्तेमाल किया जा रहा है।

मोशन कैप्चर और वीआर (VR Headsets): मानव प्रशिक्षक अपने हाथों और शरीर पर मोशन कैप्चर सेंसर और वीआर गॉगल्स पहनते हैं। वे जो भी हरकत करते हैं (जैसे कपड़े मोड़ना), रोबोट का सिस्टम उस डेटा को हूबहू कैप्चर कर खुद को उसी ढर्रे पर ढालता है।

हजारों बार दोहराव (Repetition): रोबोटिक्स में सीख सहज ज्ञान (Instinct) से नहीं, बल्कि डेटा से आती है। इसलिए ट्रेनर एक ही काम को हजारों या दसियों हजार बार दोहराते हैं, ताकि रोबोट का ‘सुपर ब्रेन’ (Foundational AI Model) उस डेटा को पूरी तरह पचा सके।

विशालकाय डेटा सेंटर्स और नकली वातावरण: रोबोट्स को वास्तविक जीवन का अनुभव देने के लिए स्कूलों के भीतर ही नकली घर, स्मार्ट किचन, फैक्ट्रियां, अस्पताल के वार्ड और यहां तक कि अंधेरी खदानों जैसे ‘वन-टू-वन’ वास्तविक माहौल तैयार किए गए हैं।

चीन ने इस ट्रेनिंग से निकलने वाले डेटा को स्टोर करने के लिए देश भर में 40 से अधिक बड़े डेटा सेंटर स्थापित किए हैं।

ग्लोबल मार्केट पर राज करने की चीन की बड़ी रणनीतिक चाल

चीन का यह कदम सिर्फ तकनीकी दिखावा नहीं है, बल्कि इसके पीछे एक गहरी वैश्विक औद्योगिक रणनीति (Industrial Strategy) छिपी हुई है। वर्तमान में चीन अपनी बूढ़ी होती आबादी और श्रम बल (Workforce) की कमी की समस्या से जूझ रहा है। ऐसे में चीनी सरकार का लक्ष्य है कि वह जल्द से जल्द ह्यूमनॉइड रोबोट्स का बड़े पैमाने पर उत्पादन (Mass Production) शुरू करे, ताकि श्रम की कमी को पूरा किया जा सके। शंघाई के इस ट्रेनिंग हब के साथ एक पायलट-प्रोडक्शन फैसिलिटी भी जोड़ी गई है, जिसमें हर साल 2,000 से अधिक पूरी तरह तैयार रोबोट्स का परीक्षण और निर्माण करने की क्षमता है। चीन का इरादा वैश्विक रोबोटिक्स और एआई सप्लाई चेन पर पूरी तरह से अपना दबदबा बनाना है।

पूरी दुनिया के लिए चेतावनी या रोजगार का नया जरिया?

चीन के इस प्रयोग ने दुनिया भर के अर्थशास्त्रियों और टेक विशेषज्ञों के बीच एक नई बहस छेड़ दी है। कुछ आलोचक इसे वैश्विक रोजगार बाजार के लिए एक ‘चेतावनी’ के रूप में देख रहे हैं। अगर रोबोट्स को इस तरह ट्रेनिंग देकर फैक्ट्रियों और अस्पतालों में तैनात किया जाने लगा, तो ब्लू-कॉलर जॉब्स (जैसे डिलीवरी, मैन्युफैक्चरिंग, पैकेजिंग, और नर्सिंग) पर सीधा संकट आ सकता है।हालांकि, इसका दूसरा पहलू यह भी है कि इस इंडस्ट्री के आने से नए तरह के रोजगार पैदा हो रहे हैं। उदाहरण के लिए, चीन के इन रोबोटिक स्कूलों में बड़ी संख्या में युवा ‘रोबोट ट्रेनर’ (Robot Trainers) और डेटा विश्लेषकों की नौकरियां पा रहे हैं, जिन्हें ‘जनरेशन-जेड’ (Gen-Z) के युवाओं का नया हॉटस्पॉट करियर माना जा रहा है।

भविष्य की ओर बढ़ता कदम

हांग्झोउ और शंघाई के ये रोबोट स्कूल इस बात का जीवंत प्रमाण हैं कि भविष्य अब दूर नहीं है। आने वाले कुछ ही सालों में, यह मुमकिन है कि जब आप किसी अस्पताल, होटल, या बड़ी ऑटोमोबाइल फैक्ट्री में जाएं, तो वहां काम कर रहा रोबोट किसी लैब से सीधा आया हुआ नौसिखिया न हो, बल्कि किसी प्रतिष्ठित ‘रोबोट स्कूल’ से बकायदा डिग्री और मेडल प्राप्त ‘ग्रेजुएट’ कर्मचारी हो। चीन का यह प्रयोग AI की दुनिया में एक नए युग का सूत्रपात कर चुका है, जिसकी लहरें जल्द ही पूरी दुनिया में महसूस की जाएंगी।

Long or Short, get news the way you like. No ads. No redirections. Download Newspin and Stay Alert, The CSR Journal Mobile app, for fast, crisp, clean updates!

App Store –  https://apps.apple.com/in/app/newspin/id6746449540 

Google Play Store – https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=com.inventifweb.newspin&pcampaignid=web_share

The post चीन में खुला दुनिया का पहला रोबोट स्कूल, अब मशीनें पढ़ रहीं फिजिकल इंटेलिजेंस AI की पढ़ाई appeared first on The CSR Journal.

It is essential to note that the version of Windows used by Chinese government entities differs significantly from the standard consumer editions. State agencies utilise a customised variant of Windows 10, produced by C&M Information Technologies, or CMIT. This joint venture, established in 2016 between Microsoft and the state-owned China Electronics Technology Group, was designed to ensure that Windows 10 met specific security standards mandated by Beijing.

A spokesperson for Microsoft stated that the company is not currently aware of any security incidents related to this product and confirmed that it continues to receive standard security updates. Despite the sudden directive to uninstall, Microsoft has declined to provide further commentary on the situation.

Timeline Change For Windows 10 Retirement

According to reports, the customised version of Windows 10 was scheduled for retirement in February 2027. However, the Chinese government has opted to accelerate this timeline. This version allowed government users to implement Chinese encryption algorithms instead of default Microsoft cryptography, which contributed to the government’s decision to move away from it earlier than planned.

The timing of this announcement coincides with diplomatic developments, notably a planned meeting between US President Donald Trump and Chinese leader Xi Jinping. The announcement has caught some state agency staff by surprise, reflecting a potentially significant shift in technology policy within China.

This transition to Linux-based systems aligns with a broader governmental initiative aimed at substituting foreign technology across crucial sectors such as national security and state-owned enterprises. Since 2019, Beijing has been actively seeking to replace foreign computers in government offices, and as of 2022, all central agencies and state-run firms were mandated to phase out foreign-branded devices.

Domestic Alternatives Gain Ground in China

The push to replace Windows is not unique to China; several domestic software companies are stepping in to fill the gap. Kylin Software has introduced its own Linux-based operating system, known as Kylin OS, while Tongxin Software Technology has developed Unity OS, which is based on Debian. This move represents a concerted effort to promote local technology solutions, especially in critical data handling scenarios.

Moreover, some sensitive state-affiliated entities have also implemented a ban on Apple’s iPhones, further demonstrating the trend towards domestic technology use. In the realm of artificial intelligence hardware, companies like Huawei Technologies Co. and Cambricon Technologies Corp. have gained prominence, particularly in light of restricted access to advanced GPU technologies from Nvidia Corp.

Internationally, the trend of moving away from Windows is also observable. France announced in April 2026 its intention to transition all government ministries to Linux, with other European nations such as Germany, Denmark, and Austria following suit. Despite this shift in governmental usage, Windows continues to dominate the consumer market in China, accounting for 87.64 per cent of desktop web traffic as of July 2026, according to StatCounter data.

Long or Short, get news the way you like. No ads. No redirections. Download Newspin and Stay Alert, The CSR Journal Mobile app, for fast, crisp, clean updates!

App Store –  https://apps.apple.com/in/app/newspin/id6746449540 

Google Play Store – https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=com.inventifweb.newspin&pcampaignid=web_share

The post China Directs State Agencies To Uninstall Windows Amid US Tech Dependence Reduction appeared first on The CSR Journal.

Documents cited by The Epoch Times and accounts from people familiar with the practices indicate that the reported scrutiny extends across healthcare and education institutions. The measures are linked to requirements concerning ideological, ethnic and religious affairs, while Communist Party members are reportedly subject to additional restrictions on religious practice.

Chengdu Hospital Asks Employees To Disclose Faith

A public hospital in Chengdu reportedly required permanent employees, contracted workers and temporary staff to state whether they followed a religion as part of a comprehensive survey of religious beliefs.

According to documents cited by The Epoch Times, the exercise was linked to requirements for the “regular investigation of ideological, ethnic, and religious work”. Employees were reportedly instructed to provide the information without exception.

Those who did not follow any religion were required to select “no religious belief”, according to the report. The survey therefore covered both employees who identified with a religion and those who did not.

Communist Party Members Face Religious Restrictions

The reported scrutiny also extended to members of the Chinese Communist Party. A notice issued by the hospital reportedly stated that CCP members are not permitted to practise any religion.

Employees who identified themselves as religious were also instructed to report the matter to their Party branch, according to the report.

The reported requirements place religious affiliation within an administrative process that also involves political and ideological oversight at the institution.

Schools Reportedly Collect Religious Details

The reported collection of religious information is not limited to the healthcare sector. The Epoch Times cited an administrative employee at a university in Sichuan, identified as Chen, as saying that educational institutions were investigating the religious beliefs of students and their family members.

Chen reportedly said schools were gathering the information and passing it on to higher authorities. The accounts indicate that the scrutiny can extend beyond students to their families.

An employee working with Chengdu’s education authorities also reportedly told the publication that annual background checks are conducted on students’ families before children enter school. Religious affiliation is reportedly among the details collected during these checks.

China’s Wider Oversight Of Religious Affairs

The reported practices come amid China’s broader approach to regulating religious activity through political and ideological oversight. The Chinese Communist Party has repeatedly called for stronger Party leadership over religious affairs.

Under the policy of the “Sinicization of religion”, religious groups are expected to align their activities with Chinese political and cultural priorities.

Chinese President Xi Jinping has also called for tighter Party control over religious affairs. According to The Epoch Times, Xi reiterated in 2025 that Party authorities at all levels should strengthen their leadership over religious work and incorporate it into the Party’s broader system of governance.

The reported checks at hospitals and schools therefore appear to reflect a wider effort to record and monitor religious affiliation within public institutions, extending in some cases from individuals to their families.

Long or Short, get news the way you like. No ads. No redirections. Download Newspin and Stay Alert, The CSR Journal Mobile app, for fast, crisp, clean updates!

App Store –  https://apps.apple.com/in/app/newspin/id6746449540 

Google Play Store – https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=com.inventifweb.newspin&pcampaignid=web_share

The post China Hospitals, Schools Reportedly Collect Information On Religious Beliefs appeared first on The CSR Journal.

The US intelligence community’s Annual Threat Assessment has described China as having overtaken Russia as the key US competitor in space. The assessment said Beijing’s expanding capabilities could allow it to challenge US military and technological superiority in space and use the domain to advance its wider strategic objectives.

China Emerges as Major US Space Competitor

The US intelligence community’s assessment said China’s rapid deployment of space capabilities was positioning Beijing to use space to advance its foreign policy objectives, challenge US military and technological superiority and project power globally.

The assessment represents a significant shift in the balance of space capabilities. Russia was the first country to launch a satellite and has traditionally been regarded as a major space power, but China’s programme has expanded considerably in recent years.

China conducted 92 orbital launches in 2025, according to the report. Unlike the United States, where civilian and military space activities are institutionally separated between NASA and the Pentagon, China’s space programme operates within a system closely linked to the PLA.

Beijing also operates six spaceports capable of launching new-generation heavy-lift rockets carrying entire satellite constellations. China has additionally set a goal of conducting a crewed Moon landing by 2030.

Beijing Sees Space as Strategic Domain

Chinese military documents have repeatedly described space as a critical component of future warfare and international strategic competition.

Chinese official documents have referred to space as the “commanding heights” that provide “indispensable strategic supports for winning informationized wars”. Beijing has also described space as a “critical domain in international strategic competition”.

The PLA’s 2020 Science of Military Strategy document argued that space had become a new domain of military conflict and was changing traditional forms of warfare while expanding competition for national strategic interests.

The US has similarly warned that space-based services are becoming increasingly vulnerable during periods of tension. Its Annual Threat Assessment said disruptive attacks against space services had become more common and could become normalised during crises.

Growing Risk of Attacks on Space Systems

The US assessment highlighted the increasing use of satellite jamming by adversaries and warned that cyberattacks against satellite communications systems were becoming a greater concern as global dependence on digital infrastructure increased.

China is central to these concerns. US officials and military analysts have increasingly pointed to evidence that Beijing is developing and rehearsing capabilities that could be used for offensive and counter-space operations.

These activities include manoeuvring satellites close to one another, monitoring foreign spacecraft and developing technologies that could interfere with an adversary’s communications, navigation and intelligence systems.

In March 2025, the US Space Force observed five Chinese objects manoeuvring around one another in a coordinated manner. General Michael A. Guetlein, Vice Chief of Space Operations, described the activity as “dogfighting in space”.

Guetlein said the manoeuvres demonstrated that China was practising tactics, techniques and procedures for conducting on-orbit operations involving one satellite and another.

Chinese Satellites Practise Close Manoeuvres

An earlier incident in 2022 also raised concerns among US officials. The American patrol satellite USA 270 reportedly observed two newly launched Chinese satellites ahead of it while operating in a highly sensitive region of space.

One of the Chinese satellites subsequently slowed down and manoeuvred behind USA 270 as it passed, at an altitude of around 22,000 miles above Earth.

Although no satellite was destroyed during the encounter, the manoeuvre raised questions among American controllers about China’s intentions and its ability to rapidly alter the position and orientation of spacecraft.

Such manoeuvres can have military significance because a spacecraft capable of approaching another satellite could potentially be used for surveillance, disruption or other counter-space operations.

China Maintains Its Space Programme Is Peaceful

Beijing has consistently rejected allegations that it is pursuing military dominance in space and has said its space programme is intended for peaceful purposes.

Liu Pengyu, spokesperson for the Chinese Embassy in Washington, said in December 2025 that China opposed an arms race and the weaponisation of outer space.

“China is committed to the peaceful use of outer space, and opposes any arms race in outer space or weaponizing it. China has no intention to engage in a space race with any country, nor do we seek so-called advantage in outer space,” Liu said.

However, US officials and analysts argue that China’s development of advanced satellite constellations, reusable rockets and other dual-use technologies suggests that Beijing is preparing for military applications alongside civilian activities.

Military-Civil Fusion Expands Space Capabilities

China’s commercial space sector has also become an important component of its broader space strategy. The country has accelerated the development of large satellite constellations designed to provide communications resilience and has expanded its reusable rocket programme.

The Pentagon’s 2025 report on China’s military capabilities noted that many Chinese commercial companies form part of the country’s military-civil fusion strategy, under which dual-use technologies developed by private companies can eventually be incorporated into military applications.

“Many of China’s commercial companies are part of its military-civil fusion strategy to develop dual-use technologies in the commercial sector for eventual integration into the military,” the Pentagon report said.

The report noted that commercial space development was included in the Chinese Communist Party’s government work report for the first time in 2024, reflecting its growing importance.

Satellites Could Support Military Operations

US officials have questioned whether some Chinese satellites are specifically designed to support military operations against other countries’ space-based assets.

The Chinese TJS-3 satellite, for instance, has repeatedly approached satellites belonging to other countries in geostationary Earth orbit. Beijing describes TJS-3 as a communications technology test satellite.

China has also conducted rendezvous and proximity operations involving different groups of spacecraft. Some satellites, including Shijian-21, are equipped with robotic arms capable of manipulating and reorienting other satellites.

The Shiyan-24C satellite trio demonstrated complex rendezvous and proximity operations throughout 2024, with the spacecraft at times approaching within one kilometre of one another.

Space Surveillance Becomes Routine

Close approaches are increasingly becoming a routine feature of military space operations. Countries regularly monitor the satellites of competitors, including by photographing spacecraft and analysing their externally visible features.

Surveillance can also involve monitoring the data transmissions sent to and received by satellites.

China currently has more than 970 surveillance satellites in orbit, according to the report. These systems can track military bases, deployed forces and aircraft carriers, providing information that can support military planning and targeting.

The US Space Force reported that the PLA launched 20 satellites between March and June 2024 designed to facilitate “long-range precision strikes against US and allied forces”.

Space Particularly Important in Indo-Pacific

Satellite surveillance has particular importance in the Indo-Pacific because of the region’s vast geography and maritime operating environment. Space-based sensors can provide information on the location and movements of military forces, naval formations and aircraft over large distances.

Reuben F. Johnson, writing in the Asian Military Review, argued that satellites would be especially important in any conflict in the Asia-Pacific because information about the location and disposition of opposing forces would be critical to military operations.

“The point is just how critical the use of satellites will be during any conflict in the Asia-Pacific theater, compared to other parts of the world. Space has now become a new battleground in Asia, one in which up-to-date information on the location and disposition of an adversary’s forces is far more critical than in the European region of operations,” Johnson wrote.

PLA Developing Counter-Space Capabilities

The US military has warned that China is developing a broad range of counter-space capabilities designed to restrict an adversary’s ability to use satellites during a conflict.

A report by the US Army Training and Doctrine Command titled How China Fights in Large-Scale Combat Operations said China’s aerospace forces could employ cyber, kinetic and directed-energy counter-space operations against communications, positioning, navigation and timing systems, as well as intelligence, surveillance and reconnaissance assets.

The report said such operations could be used to deny an adversary the ability to communicate, navigate and understand an opponent’s intentions.

The Pentagon has similarly assessed that China views the US military’s dependence on space for intelligence gathering and communications as a potential vulnerability.

China Has Multiple Anti-Satellite Options

According to the Pentagon, the PLA is likely preparing both terrestrial and space-based kinetic and non-kinetic anti-satellite operations for a potential conflict with the United States.

China’s counter-space capabilities include cyberattacks against ground and control systems, navigation satellite spoofing, lasers, jammers and anti-satellite missiles.

Beijing demonstrated its anti-satellite missile capability in 2007 by destroying a defunct satellite in orbit with a ground-launched missile.

The Pentagon has also assessed that China is likely developing systems capable of interfering with synthetic aperture radar satellites, potentially denying an adversary access to imagery and targeting information.

Jamming Could Disrupt Communications

China is also believed to be developing jammers capable of targeting satellite communications across multiple frequency bands, including frequencies used by the US military.

Such systems could interfere with communications between satellites and ground stations or disrupt signals transmitted through space.

In a conflict, the ability to jam satellite systems could affect early warning of missile launches, conceal military assets from satellite-based sensors or disrupt communications between commanders and deployed forces.

These capabilities could therefore allow China to weaken an adversary’s ability to collect intelligence and coordinate military operations without necessarily destroying satellites.

US Analysts Warn of Space Escalation

A RAND Corporation report titled China’s Growing Risk Tolerance in Space, authored by Howard Wang, Gregory Graff and Alexis Dale-Huang, examined China’s approach to military competition in space.

The researchers concluded that the PLA views the United States with “a profound sense of threat” and “deep suspicions”. They also noted that Chinese military analysts have characterised US space strategy as an effort to secure and extend American “space hegemony”.

The RAND researchers argued that these perceptions could make China more willing to compete aggressively with the United States in space rather than cooperate to prevent escalation.

They wrote that Chinese leaders were likely to direct the PLA towards competition with the United States and the US Space Force rather than cooperation.

Risk of Unintended Conflict Rising

In 2023, an official from the Arms Control Research Center of the China Institutes of Contemporary International Relations, affiliated with China’s Ministry of State Security, argued that US policies had increased the risk of conflict in space.

The official said the “current risk of a space war has far surpassed that of the Cold War”.

The RAND researchers similarly warned that the PLA could adopt aggressive deterrence operations in space, potentially including the use of lethal force.

They said China’s greater willingness to accept risk could make space a more dangerous operating environment for all countries, particularly given Beijing’s suspicion of US intentions and reluctance to cooperate on American initiatives.

Space Could Become New Normal of Military Friction

The RAND report warned that China’s leadership had pushed the PLA towards a more proactive and risk-accepting posture, potentially creating a new normal of heightened friction during routine space operations.

The researchers also noted that sustained communication channels between China and the United States would be unlikely to remain available during a major space crisis, increasing the possibility that incidents could escalate unexpectedly.

They assessed that the PLA was likely to remain assertive in space during peacetime while avoiding actions that would threaten China’s broader political objectives.

The report suggested that US Space Command should therefore anticipate continued Chinese manoeuvres and provocations as part of routine operations in space.

US Seeks To Maintain Space Advantage

The expanding Chinese space programme has prompted US military leaders to stress the need for continued investment in American space capabilities.

General Stephen Whiting, Commander of US Space Command, has warned that China and other countries are manoeuvring spacecraft in ways that could provide them with a positional advantage during a conflict.

“So we want to make sure that we stay ahead as the world’s leading space power, and that we develop our own maneuver capabilities to remain in a position of advantage and to defend ourselves,” Whiting said.

The growing competition reflects a broader transformation in military strategy, with space increasingly viewed not simply as an arena for scientific exploration and communications but as a potential battlefield.

As China expands its satellite constellations, launch capabilities and counter-space technologies, the United States is seeking to preserve its advantage while monitoring increasingly sophisticated Chinese manoeuvres in orbit. The space race between the two powers is therefore becoming an increasingly important component of their wider strategic competition.

Long or Short, get news the way you like. No ads. No redirections. Download Newspin and Stay Alert, The CSR Journal Mobile app, for fast, crisp, clean updates!

App Store –  https://apps.apple.com/in/app/newspin/id6746449540 

Google Play Store – https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=com.inventifweb.newspin&pcampaignid=web_share

The post China Strengthens Military Presence in Space, US Warns of Growing Counter-Space Threat appeared first on The CSR Journal.

The Plateau Drone R&D Application Centre, launched at Xizang University on July 3, represents an essential step in the country’s efforts to utilise drone technology in challenging geographical conditions. This centre claims to be China’s first dedicated professional platform for the research, development, and practical application of UAVs tailored for high-altitude operations.

As competition intensifies between China and the United States in the technological realm, the development of high-altitude drone logistics around Everest has emerged as a significant area of focus. Situated at more than 4,000 metres above sea level, Tibet’s adverse climate and rugged terrain pose unique challenges for drone development, making this location ideal for testing and advancement.

Significance of the Centre’s Establishment

The establishment of the drone centre is viewed as a pivotal advancement for Xizang University in leveraging its expertise in plateau sciences. According to the state-run Xinhua news agency, the centre aims to align with national strategies related to low-altitude economic development while fulfilling practical needs of the region. It also seeks to foster interdisciplinary collaborations that could further bolster technological initiatives.

Sun Xianzhong, Vice-Chair of the Xizang Autonomous Regional People’s Congress Standing Committee and Party Secretary of Xizang University, shared insights about the centre’s objectives. He noted that strengths from existing programmes, such as the “Plateau Science and Technology” cluster and the region’s Innovation Centre for Smart Construction, will support the centre’s initiatives. The recent approval for new disciplines in Artificial Intelligence alongside New Energy Science will complement these efforts.

Moreover, the centre aims to address major technical challenges concerning high-altitude UAVs by creating integrated platforms adept in various applications, including ecological protection, border monitoring, security, and emergency supply delivery. These efforts are essential, given the complex conditions presented by the Tibetan plateau.

Context and Future Implications

Reportedly, since 2024, local operator Airlift Technology in Nepal has been utilising heavy-lift drones manufactured by DJI, a Chinese company. These drones assist in transporting climbing gear to elevated camps and managing waste removal, thereby enhancing safety for local Sherpas. This underscores the growing relevance of drone technology in operations across mountainous regions.

The launch of China’s high-altitude drone centre not only signifies an investment in advanced technology but also showcases the nation’s strategy to secure dominance in drone logistics and border security. The strategic position of the centre near Everest further highlights its importance in monitoring challenging terrains that play a crucial role in international relations and regional stability.

In summary, the establishment of the drone centre in Tibet aims to develop UAVs suitable for the demanding conditions of the plateau, with applications extending to border patrol, monitoring, logistics, and emergency supplies. This initiative reflects the broader competitive landscape surrounding technological advancements related to mountainous regions like Everest, reinforcing the significance of such developments in national security and operational capability.

Long or Short, get news the way you like. No ads. No redirections. Download Newspin and Stay Alert, The CSR Journal Mobile app, for fast, crisp, clean updates!

App Store –  https://apps.apple.com/in/app/newspin/id6746449540 

Google Play Store – https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=com.inventifweb.newspin&pcampaignid=web_share

The post China Establishes Drone Centre Near Mount Everest to Enhance Border Patrols appeared first on The CSR Journal.

The superconducting magnet, developed by the Institute of Plasma Physics under the Chinese Academy of Sciences, has a D-shaped structure that measures 21 metres in length and 12 metres in width, weighing a substantial 582 tonnes. This impressive engineering feat indicates China’s growing capabilities in the field of fusion technology.

Understanding the Concept of an Artificial Sun

An artificial Sun refers to a nuclear fusion reactor that simulates the processes occurring in the actual Sun. This technology facilitates the fusion of hydrogen atoms at temperatures exceeding 100 million degrees Celsius, generating vast amounts of energy while producing no carbon dioxide emissions. Researchers are optimistic that this method will provide an abundant, clean, and sustainable source of electricity for future generations.

The significance of this project lies in its potential to address the global energy crisis by offering a nearly limitless supply of power, alongside the promise of clean energy utilisation. Scientists are currently working on advancing the operational capabilities of this technology to make it viable in the commercial sector.

Construction and Technological Developments

According to researchers, this magnet represents the largest fusion reactor superconducting magnet ever constructed, boasting 1.3 times the volume and three times the stored energy of similar magnets developed for the International Thermonuclear Experimental Reactor. The device is designed to produce an extremely powerful magnetic field capable of confining superheated plasma, which is essential for sustaining the nuclear fusion process.

In conjunction with the magnet, researchers have also tested a high-temperature superconducting central solenoid coil, regarded as the “heart” of the fusion reactor. This component is critical for igniting and maintaining the plasma necessary for fusion reactions, acting similarly to a spark plug in an engine.

China’s endeavour to build the China Fusion Engineering Demonstration Reactor is noteworthy, as the technologies employed have been developed using entirely domestic resources, thereby reducing dependency on international suppliers for essential components. This initiative highlights China’s commitment to advancing its own capabilities in fusion technology.

The six-year programme surrounding this project has resulted in the issuance of 47 patents and the establishment of 25 industry standards, emphasising the significant progress being made in this field. For the magnet to function effectively over its projected lifespan of 60 years, engineers have meticulously designed it to endure extremely low temperatures, high electrical currents, and substantial mechanical stresses.

Future Aspirations and Ongoing Challenges

China has outlined a comprehensive three-stage roadmap for achieving commercial fusion power. The Burning Plasma Experimental Superconducting Tokamak is expected to be operational by the end of 2027, paving the way for the initial fusion power generation anticipated around 2030. Ultimately, the nation aims to establish the China Fusion Engineering Demonstration Reactor, which could potentially become the first fusion demonstration power station globally.

Despite these advancements, experts caution that considerable challenges still lie ahead. Key tasks such as assembling the complete reactor, conducting long-term testing, and proving the technology’s capability to generate more energy than it consumes are yet to be addressed. Nevertheless, scientists affirm that each breakthrough represents a step closer to the goal of providing unlimited, zero-carbon energy, which may revolutionise future electricity generation.

Long or Short, get news the way you like. No ads. No redirections. Download Newspin and Stay Alert, The CSR Journal Mobile app, for fast, crisp, clean updates!

App Store –  https://apps.apple.com/in/app/newspin/id6746449540 

Google Play Store – https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=com.inventifweb.newspin&pcampaignid=web_share

The post China Advances Towards Building Artificial Sun With Completion of World’s Largest Magnet appeared first on The CSR Journal.

The recent statistics not only underscore China’s competitive edge but also illustrate the challenges India faces in its pursuit of manufacturing growth. Despite India’s position as the fifth-largest economy globally, its contribution to the world of manufacturing remains relatively small at about 3 per cent of global manufacturing value added.

China’s Accelerated Growth Over Two Decades

China’s rise in the manufacturing sector has been notable, achieving a significant increase in its global market share. In 2004, the country’s manufacturing accounted for less than 10 per cent of the global output. Over the last two decades, this figure has more than tripled, establishing China as the leading manufacturing nation with a vast margin.

According to World Bank data, China’s manufacturing value added escalated from around $625 billion in 2004 to nearly $4.66 trillion today. In contrast, the United States currently contributes approximately 17 per cent to global manufacturing, a decline from about 22 per cent in 2004. Meanwhile, the Eurozone has seen its share decrease to about 15 per cent, with Japan now responsible for roughly 5 per cent of global manufacturing value added.

India’s Position in Manufacturing Landscape

Presently, India holds a mere 3 per cent of the global manufacturing market share, considerably trailing behind China and other key manufacturing nations. Nevertheless, India is actively striving to enhance its industrial sector with initiatives like Make in India and the Production-Linked Incentive (PLI) scheme. These efforts focus on investments in strategic sectors such as electronics, defence manufacturing, renewable energy, and electric vehicles.

The Indian government is also endeavouring to position the country as an alternative hub for global companies that are seeking to diversify their supply chains beyond China. By doing so, it aims to boost India’s role in the international manufacturing environment.

Factors Behind China’s Manufacturing Success

The significant advancement of China’s manufacturing sector is primarily attributed to decades of extensive industrialisation, substantial investments in infrastructure, and the establishment of integrated supply chains. Furthermore, China has transitioned from merely low-cost manufacturing to becoming a global frontrunner in higher-value industries, including electric vehicles and consumer electronics.

Today, China’s manufacturing output, valued at approximately $4.66 trillion, surpasses the combined manufacturing value added of the United States, Japan, and Germany. This situation is supported by the World Bank data referenced in recent analyses, highlighting the scale of China’s dominance in the manufacturing arena.

Importance of Manufacturing for India

A robust manufacturing sector is integral for job creation, enhancing exports, and minimising reliance on imports. Advancing its manufacturing capabilities will enable India to enhance its global competitiveness and fortify its supply chains. Even though India’s current 3 per cent share appears modest in comparison to China’s 28 per cent, policymakers regard manufacturing as a pivotal component of the country’s long-term economic growth agenda.

With a growing number of companies keen on diversifying their production operations outside of China, India is optimistic about securing a larger segment of global manufacturing in the years ahead. The country is actively working to create an environment conducive to attracting international investment and expertise in this key sector.

Long or Short, get news the way you like. No ads. No redirections. Download Newspin and Stay Alert, The CSR Journal Mobile app, for fast, crisp, clean updates!

App Store –  https://apps.apple.com/in/app/newspin/id6746449540 

Google Play Store – https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=com.inventifweb.newspin&pcampaignid=web_share

The post China Holds 28% Share of Global Manufacturing Value, Says World Bank appeared first on The CSR Journal.

Open-weight models like Kimi K3 allow users to freely download and operate them, offering a more cost-effective alternative to closed-weight models that require cloud access. For instance, accessing Fable and GPT-5.6 comes with higher operational costs associated with cloud token pricing. In contrast, Moonshot aims for wider accessibility with Kimi K3’s extensive functionality and free availability.

One distinguishing aspect of Kimi K3 is its substantial parameter count, which significantly enhances its performance capabilities. For comparison, reports indicate that Claude Opus 4.8, developed by Anthropic, utilises approximately 2 billion parameters. This scale positions Kimi K3 as a formidable competitor within the AI landscape.

Performance Metrics of Kimi K3

Arena AI ranked Kimi K3 at the top in its Frontend Code Arena, where its capabilities exceeded those of Claude Fable 5, elevating it from 18th place with its predecessor model Kimi K2.6. Additionally, evaluations from Vals AI position Kimi K3 second overall, trailing only Fable 5 while outpacing GPT-5.6 Sol. Further analysis by Artificial Analysis indicates that Kimi K3’s performance is comparable to Claude Opus 4.8 and GPT-5.5, particularly in complex tasks that require multi-step reasoning.

While Kimi K3 may not yet represent the pinnacle of AI technology, it has notably narrowed the competitive gap with leading US models, affirming its status as the most advanced open-weight AI system currently available. Moonshot highlighted that Kimi K3 supports a one million-token context window and facilitates multimodal use, aimed at enhancing advanced cognitive, coding, and knowledge work capabilities.

Implications for the AI Landscape

The introduction of Kimi K3 illustrates a broader trend wherein Chinese AI developers accelerate their advancements, challenging perceptions in the West regarding their comparative technological lag. Alongside Kimi K3, Z.ai’s GLM-5.2 is gaining recognition for its close performance to leading US models. Furthermore, MiniMax, a Hong Kong-listed firm, is reported to be developing a 2.7-trillion parameter model slated for release by late 2026.

The successful launch of Kimi K3 indicates that Chinese AI laboratories are progressing in advanced model training, irrespective of export restrictions on high-performance GPUs to China. Earlier in 2026, Moonshot president Yutong Zhang remarked that the need for improvement prompted a focus on foundational research and operational efficiency, as opposed to merely scaling computational resources.

Recent reports suggest that Western companies are increasingly opting for competitively priced Chinese models to reduce costs, as expenses for US systems rise. Several firms are reportedly leveraging Kimi K3 for a variety of applications, showcasing its growing utility. Moonshot, financially backed by major entities like Alibaba and Tencent, is reportedly seeking around $2 billion in new funding, aiming for a valuation of approximately $30 billion ahead of a potential public listing in Hong Kong.

Long or Short, get news the way you like. No ads. No redirections. Download Newspin and Stay Alert, The CSR Journal Mobile app, for fast, crisp, clean updates!

App Store –  https://apps.apple.com/in/app/newspin/id6746449540 

Google Play Store – https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=com.inventifweb.newspin&pcampaignid=web_share

The post Chinese Startup Launches World’s Largest Open AI Model Kimi K3 appeared first on The CSR Journal.

The patient, who suffered a spinal cord injury from a car accident approximately ten years ago, had been unable to effectively use their hands despite receiving extensive rehabilitation. Following a thorough evaluation by a multidisciplinary team of medical professionals, the individual was chosen for the procedure, which utilised the Neural Electronic Opportunity (NEO) system developed by Shanghai’s Neuracle Medical Technology.

According to reports, the patient’s condition was stable post-surgery, with tests indicating that the device adeptly captured high-quality brain signals throughout the procedure. This advancement signifies a notable progression in BCI technology, offering potential new avenues for recovery in individuals with similar conditions.

Understanding the Neo System

The NEO system functions by interpreting brain signals and converting them into commands for external devices. Unlike traditional implants, this coin-sized device is placed on the brain’s surface without penetrating the tissue, making the approach less invasive. When the patient contemplates moving their hand, the implant detects these brain signals and transmits them to a computer, which translates them into commands that can control a robotic glove.

The primary objective of the NEO system is to assist individuals with paralysis in regaining hand movement and performing daily tasks independently. This is a significant enhancement in the functionality of assistive devices, promoting increased autonomy for users who have previously faced limitations.

Earlier this year, in March, China’s National Medical Products Administration granted commercial approval for the NEO system, designating it as the first implantable brain-computer interface classified as a Class III medical device. This regulatory milestone allows for the technology to advance beyond experimental statuses and into routine medical treatments across hospitals for eligible patients.

Comparison Between Neo and Neuralink

Elon Musk’s Neuralink is also developing similar brain-computer interface technology and has initiated clinical trials in the United States. Its initial product, known as Telepathy, is designed to enable individuals with paralysis to operate computers and smartphones solely with their thoughts. However, while Neuralink has achieved some implantations, these procedures remain within the framework of clinical research.

The NEO system’s commercial approval allows immediate practical use in clinical settings in China, contrasting with Neuralink, which is still awaiting comprehensive approval from the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for its technology. This difference highlights the regulatory landscape surrounding medical devices in various countries and the timeline discrepancies in commercial readiness.

Moreover, the two systems employ differing methodologies in their implantation techniques. Neuralink’s device utilises ultra-thin, flexible threads that are inserted into the brain tissue through robotic assistance. In comparison, the Neo system’s non-invasive method of placement on the brain’s surface presents a less intrusive alternative while still effectively retrieving the brain signals necessary for controlling assistive technology.

Long or Short, get news the way you like. No ads. No redirections. Download Newspin and Stay Alert, The CSR Journal Mobile app, for fast, crisp, clean updates!

App Store –  https://apps.apple.com/in/app/newspin/id6746449540 

Google Play Store – https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=com.inventifweb.newspin&pcampaignid=web_share

The post China Achieves World’s First Commercial Brain Chip Implant Milestone appeared first on The CSR Journal.

The survey, released on Wednesday, found that respondents in 25 of the 36 countries and territories surveyed held a more favourable view of China than of the United States. The polling was conducted between February and May, during a period that included the conflict involving the United States, Israel and Iran.

China Rated More Positively In Most Countries

According to the survey, China received more favourable ratings than the United States in countries including Canada and Mexico, while only six countries viewed the US more positively than China.

The survey also found that respondents in 22 of the 36 countries and territories expressed greater confidence in Chinese President Xi Jinping than in US President Donald Trump.

Those countries included Canada, Mexico and several major European nations such as France, Germany and the United Kingdom. However, Pew noted that confidence in both leaders remained relatively low across many of the countries surveyed.

Laura Silver, Associate Director of Pew’s Global Attitudes Research and one of the study’s researchers, said this was the first time China had moved clearly ahead of the United States in the survey’s history.

She said views of the two countries had been closely matched at different points in the past, but China had never previously been rated significantly more favourably than the US.

Researchers Cite Declining Views Of US

Silver said the shift reflected both the fading impact of the Covid-19 pandemic on perceptions of China and a deterioration in international views of the United States.

“There was just an actual relationship between the outbreak of the war and the sense that the US is just not contributing to peace and stability and that people have less confidence in Donald Trump,” she said.

She also cited President Trump’s remarks about Greenland, the US military raid that captured Venezuela’s then leader Nicolas Maduro, and Washington’s approach to the Israel-Hamas conflict in Gaza as factors that may have contributed to lower approval ratings.

“The US has done a lot in terms of global engagement in recent months to years that is not being perceived positively internationally,” Silver said.

She added that China had also benefited from comparisons with the United States.

“By comparison, we know that China is seen to be a more reliable partner in many places. It’s more likely to be seen to contribute to global peace and stability,” she said.

Sharp Shift Seen In Canada And Europe

One of the largest changes was recorded in Canada, where favourable views of the United States fell from 57 per cent in 2023 to 33 per cent in the latest survey.

During the same period, favourable opinions of China among Canadians increased from 14 per cent to 44 per cent.

The report noted that the shift followed US tariffs on Canadian goods and President Trump’s suggestion that Canada could become “the 51st state”.

Major European countries, including France, Germany, Spain, Italy, Sweden and the Netherlands, also recorded a shift towards more favourable views of China.

In the United Kingdom, where about six in 10 respondents viewed the US positively in 2023, public opinion now places China and the United States on similar footing. Three years earlier, the United States had enjoyed a 32-percentage-point advantage.

US Retains Lead In Few Countries

Among the six countries where the United States continued to enjoy a more favourable image than China, Israel recorded the strongest support for Washington.

Around eight in 10 Israelis viewed the United States positively, compared with 19 per cent who held favourable views of China.

The other countries where the US remained ahead were Japan, India, South Korea, the Philippines and Poland, although Pew said perceptions of the United States had weakened in these countries as well.

The report found that the United States continued to outperform China on perceptions of respect for personal freedoms. However, Pew said that advantage had narrowed because respondents in nearly every country surveyed were less likely than in 2021 to believe that the US government respected the personal freedoms of its citizens.

Survey Covered More Than 42,000 Respondents

Pew Research Center said the survey covered more than 42,000 respondents across 35 countries, as well as the West Bank and East Jerusalem.

The reported margins of error ranged from 2.3 to 5.5 percentage points depending on the country.

Overall, the findings indicate a broad shift in global public opinion, with China gaining favourability as perceptions of the United States weakened across much of the world.

Long or Short, get news the way you like. No ads. No redirections. Download Newspin and Stay Alert, The CSR Journal Mobile app, for fast, crisp, clean updates!

App Store –  https://apps.apple.com/in/app/newspin/id6746449540 

Google Play Store – https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=com.inventifweb.newspin&pcampaignid=web_share

The post Pew Survey Finds China Now Viewed More Favourably Than US Across Most Countries appeared first on The CSR Journal.